Fig. 2: Nanoliposome (m-TLR7/8a) promotes a GC related immune response and is sustainably delivered into the LNs when formulated in KE-VAC.
a Schematic illustration of the coculture method for mimicking the GC response. BMDC, Naïve T cell, and B cell were harvested from C57BL/6 mice and co-culture for analysis. b TFH and plasma cells were characterised from cocultured cells by flow cytometry (n = 3). c IL-21 secretion was evaluated in the coculture supernatant by ELISA (n = 3). d Antigen presentation by BMDCs were characterized by flow cytometry and (e) IL-23 (left), IL-12p70 (middle), and IL-6 (right) cytokine secretion from activated BMDCs depend on time after stimulation were detected by ELISA (n = 5). f Releasing mechanism of nanoliposome (m-TLR7/8a) from KE-VAC. g The ability of alum to capture liposomes and antigens was characterised with fluorescence-labelled liposomes and antigens (n = 3). h The interaction of nanoliposome (m-TLR7/8a) with alum was observed via TEM (scale bar = 200 nm). i The colocalization of antigens and liposomes with alum was observed via confocal microscopy with fluorescence-labelled liposomes and antigens. j The antigen and nanoliposome (m-TLR7/8a) released from KE-VAC were evaluated via a Transwell assay (n = 3). k FITC-labelled antigens and liposomes accumulated in pLNs after i.m. injection with or without alum (n = 3). Data presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was analysed via one-way ANOVA in (b-f). p values: ns, not significant; *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001).
