Fig. 3: Vaccination efficacy of KE-VAC with a model antigen.
a Timeline detailing the immunisation schedule and doses and blood and organ collection. The components were intramuscularly injected into mice twice, with a 2-week interval. The doses were as follows: OVA, 10 µg; Alum, 100 µg; and m-TLR7/8a in nanoliposome, 20 µg (n = 5). (b–d) Antigen (OVA) and Immune cells related to the GC and memory response were analysed 7 days after boosting. TFH and GC B-cells were characterised in the (b) pLNs and (c) spleen. d CD4+ and CD8+ TCMs were analysed in the spleen by flow cytometry. e Timeline detailing the immunisation schedule and doses and blood and organ collection. The components were intramuscularly injected into mice twice, with a 2-week interval. The doses were as follows: OVA, 10 µg; Alum, 100 µg; and m-TLR7/8a in nanoliposome, 20 µg. Blood was collected every 7 days, and the spleen was harvested every 14 days for analysis. f–j Several parameters related to humoral immunity and the GC response were observed over 49 days after priming (n = 3). f Serum anti-OVA IgG (left), IgG1 (middle), and IgG2c (right) antibody titers were evaluated at the endpoint of dilution. (g) TFH cells, (h) GC B-cells, (i) plasma B-cells, and (j) memory B-cells were characterised in the spleen during this period by flow cytometry. Data presented as mean ± SD. Statistical significance was analysed via one-way ANOVA for (b-d) and (g-j). p values: ns not significant; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001).
