Fig. 3: Reward and motor control activity in the red nucleus.
From: The human brainstem’s red nucleus was upgraded to support goal-directed action

a Red nucleus activation from the gambling task of Human Connectome Project (HCP) reward (left, filled light gray) and punishment (right, unfilled) contrasts (paired t-test; t = 4.87, confidence interval = [0.046 0.11], cohen’s d d = 0.15, df = 1080, p = 1.29 × 10-6). b Automated meta-analysis average for term ‘reward’ for the red nucleus (left, stripe pattern) the region surrounding the red nucleus (peri-nucleus, middle, circle pattern) and whole brain (right, crosshatch pattern). c Red nucleus activation from the motor task of HCP motor cue (left, filled dark grey) and average movement (right, unfilled) contrasts (paired t-test; t = 4.58, confidence interval = [0.04 0.1], cohen’s d d = 0.14, df=1079, p = 5.22 × 10-6). d Automated meta-analysis average for term ‘motor control’ for the red nucleus (left, stripe pattern) the region surrounding the red nucleus (peri-nucleus, middle, circle pattern) and whole brain (right, crosshatch pattern). Boxplot displays interquartile range, median (horizontal black line), mean (red circle), and 95% confidence interval (black error bars).