Fig. 7: Identifying the key transcription factor regulating the reparative phenotype in RAMf.

A Transcription factor enrichment analysis based on the ARCHS4 database using the online tool Enrichr. Fisher’s exact test, with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. B Heatmap showing the average regulon activities of representative TFs in each MF subset derived from pySCENIC. C Scatter plot illustrating upregulated DEGs of PLX5622 group compared to control group in MF2, with the percentage difference (defined as percentage of the expression in PLX5622 group minus that in control group) along the x-axis and log₂(fold change) along the y-axis. The combined z-score of percentage difference and log₂(fold change) was color-coded. D Feature plot showing the AUCell score of the Mafb-target genes. Relative AUCell scores were color-coded. E Representative image showing the phagocytosis of MBP (red) by IBA1⁺ (green) BMDMs (left). Quantification of the proportion of MBP-positive cells in IBA1+ cells (right). n = 3 per group. Student’s t test, two-sided. F Experimental scheme illustrating macrophage reconstruction in CCR2-KO mice. G Representative images for CD31 (green) immunostaining in the peri-infarct areas of brains from CCR2-KO mice with sham surgery or MCAO with Mafb-overexpression macrophages transplantation or control macrophages transplantation (left). Quantification of vascular coverage (right). n = 6 per group. One-way ANOVA and Tukey. H Representative images and quantification for MBP (green) and SMI32 (red) double immunostaining in the peri-infarct areas. n = 4 for sham group, n = 5 for lenti-control and lenti-Mafb group. Scale bars, 200 µm (Cortex), and 100 µm (Striatum and External Capsule). Data were normalized to the intensities of contralateral hemispheres. One-way ANOVA and Tukey. Data in (E, G, H) are presented as mean ± SD. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.