Table 4 Summary of the results of the task-based brain activity, metabolite, and behavior results

From: Relationships between brain activity, tryptophan-related gut metabolites, and autism symptomatology

ROI/Stimuli (vs. rest)

Metabolite/Pathway (DV)

Behavior (DV)

R MI/ Disgusting Foods*

Indolelactate (-)*/Indole

ADOS Total (-)*

Indolelactate (-)*/Indole

ADOS RRB (-)*

R MCC/Non-Emo Faces*

C-glycosyltryptophan (+)*/5-HT

DPSS-R Sensitivity (+)*

Tryptophan betaine (-)/Other

dmPFC/aMCC/Object Touch

Indole-3-carboxylate (+)/Indole

FISH Total (+)

L PI/Social Touch

Indole-3-carboxylate (-)/Indole

L dAI/Disgusted Faces

Kynurenate (+)/Kynurenine

ADOS RRB (-)

R IFGop/All Faces

Anthranilate (+)/Indole

L IFGop/Emo Faces

Anthranilate (+)/Indole

R MCC/All Faces

Tryptophan betaine (-)/Other

 

R S1/Object Touch

Indole-3-carboxylate (+)/Indole

R MCC/Hand Actions

N-acetyltryptophan (+)/Other

 

L vAI/Disgusting Foods

ADI-R RRB (-)

pACC/Disgusted Faces

SEQ EP (+)

R FFA/Disgusted Faces

ADI-R RRB (+)

R MCC/All Faces + Hands

Conners Probability (-)

R MCC/Emo Faces

Conners Probability (-)

5-hydroxypicolinic acid/ Kynurenine

DPSS-R Propensity (+)

Tryptophol/ Other

SEQ- Non-social (+)

Tryptophol/ Other

SEQ- Vestibular/ Proprioception (+)

3-indoxyl sulfate/ Indole

ADI-R RSI (+)

Indolepropionate/ Indole

AQC- 2 Factor (+)

Anthranilate/ Indole

ASWS Total (+)

  1. Note: * Indicates significant mediation model with brain as mediator, +/− direction of relationship, IV Independent Variable, DV Dependent Variable, L left, R right, MI middle insula, ADOS Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, RRB Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors, MCC mid-cingulate cortex, Non-Emo, Non-emotional Faces, 5-HT 5 hydroxytryptophan, DPSS-R Disgust Propensity and Sensitivity Scale - Revised, dmPFC/aMCC dorsal medial prefrontal cortex/anterior mid-cingulate cortex, PI posterior insula, dAI dorsal anterior insula, IFGop inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, S1 primary somatosensory cortex, vAI ventral anterior insula, ADI-R Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, pACC posterior anterior cingulate cortex, FFA fusiform face area, SEQ Sensory Experiences Questionnaire, EP enhanced perception, RSI Restricted Sensory Interests, ASWS Adolescent Sleep Wake Scale.