Fig. 1: PCSs impact glucose utilization in trained immunity.

a Schematic of ¹³C-glucose carbon labeling through the TCA cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and the serine synthesis pathway (SSP). b–g Monocytes were cultured in MM containing ¹³C-glucose (±PCSs) and treated with β-glucan (5 μg/ml) for 4 hrs, followed by mass spectrometry analyzes. h Monocytes were cultured in MM containing the indicated ¹³C-labeled carbon source and treated with β-glucan (5 μg/ml) for 4 hrs. The relative contributions of ¹³C from indicated ¹³C-labeled substrates into metabolites of central carbon metabolism are shown. Data in (b-h) are expressed as means ± SEMs, n = 3 mice per condition, two-way ANOVA. Medium: Phosphate buffered saline. See also Supplementary Fig. 1.