Fig. 1: Cell types of the honeybee worker brains identified by single-nucleus transcriptomes.

a Schematic diagram of the experimental design. b Annotated tSNE visualization of the clustering of 121,247 single-nucleus transcriptomes obtained from nurse (70,060) and forager (51,187) bees. KC: Kenyon cells; Glia: glial cells; OLC: optic lobe cells; OPN: olfactory projection neurons; Hem: hemocytes; IPC: insulin-producing cells; Others: unknown cell type. Cluster identifiers from Seurat clustering at a resolution of 0.2 are indicated in parentheses. c Selected marker genes for the cell clusters annotated in nurse and forager bee brains. The expression levels of indicated genes were evaluated by the collapsed pseudo-bulk expression in each cluster as a percentage of unique molecular identifiers (UMIs) of the total cluster. Bars represent the means of 54 biological replicates + SEM. Cluster labels correspond to those shown in Supplementary Fig. S4. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. d Normalized UMIs per cell for the markers of Kenyon (dopR2, mAChR-DM1) and glial (repo, glnS) cells Heatmap plotted over global tSNE.