Fig. 1: Morphology, structure, and composition characterization.

a X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of PD-PZFCNC-HEI; b Transmission electron microscopy images of PD-PZFCNC-HEI; c Particle size distribution histogram of PD-PZFCNC-HEI; d High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy images of PD-PZFCNC-HEI nanoparticle; The corresponding atomic-resolution STEM-EDS mapping of e Pt, f Zn, g Fe, h Co, i Ni, and j Cr; k Line-scan profile of the PD-PZFCNC-HEI nanoparticle along the green line in (d); l, m Corresponding local structure image; Quantitative analysis on compressive and tensile strains within dislocation cores along n line 1 and o line 2 in (m), respectively; Strain distributions of p εyy and q εxx by geometric phase analysis base on (d).