Fig. 3: Kaplan–Meier analysis of PFS stratified by the HEROVision-TA and -SR models into low- and high-risk groups.

a–c TA dataset in the training, internal validation, and external testing cohorts, respectively. d–f SR dataset across all three cohorts. The error bands (dashed lines) represent the 95% confidence intervals, and the P values were calculated using the two-sided Log-rank test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. TA thermal ablation, SR surgical resection, PFS progression-free survival, HR hazard ratio.