Fig. 5: Identification of key genes important for maintaining stem cell-derived islet cell identity under hypoxia.

a Schematics of the experiment setup. b Upregulated genes of high insulin-expressing SC-β cells in low oxygen compared to that in high oxygen. The data were analyzed by a two-tailed Wilcoxon test and adjusted by the Benjamini-Hochberg method. c Dynamic gene expression during hypoxia challenge in the high-to-low (left) or low-to-high (right) insulin trajectories. Color bars showing the assigned latent time and the acquisition time are displayed on the bottom. Expression levels of individual genes were sorted by latent time and plotted as function of latent time and acquisition time (D1, D3, D5, 2 W, 4 W). d Flow cytometry plots of SC-islets control or modified cells with overexpression of indicated genes cultured in 21% and 2% oxygen for 2 weeks and stained with CPEP and NKX6.1 antibodies. e Quantitative analysis of CPEP⁺/NKX6.1⁺ cell percentage in (d) (n = 5 biological replicates). The data were expressed as means ± SD. Two-tailed Student’s t test was performed. Schematics of the experiment setup created in BioRender. Wang, K. (2025) https://BioRender.com/vxb9tmo.