Fig. 5: Electrochemical performance of trifluoromethyl tuned electrolytes.

a The rate performance of Li||NCM811 coin cells within the voltage of 2.8-4.4 V in different electrolytes. The areal capacity of the commercial cathode is 3.5 mAh cm−2. b The long cycling performance of Li||NCM811 coin cells at 0.3 C/2 C charge/discharge rate after one precycle at 0.1 C. c The long cycling performance of Li||NCM811 coin cells at 1 C in different electrolytes after one precycle at 0.1 C. d The cycling stability of Li | |LCO coin cells at 1 C in different electrolytes after one precycle at 0.1 C. e The high-temperature storage performance of Li | |NCM811 coin cells and subsequent specific discharge capacities (f) in different electrolyte. g The cycling stability of Li||NCM811 coin cells at 60 °C. h The long cycling performance of Li||NCM811 pouch cell (520-mAh) at 1 C charge/discharge rate after precycles at 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 C. The optical image and its parameters of a 14-Ah level pouch cell (i) with the gravimetric energy density of 512 Wh kg−1 (by total weight at 0.1 C) and corresponding cycling performance at 0.1 C (j). All cells were measured at 30 °C unless specified.