Fig. 8: Electrochemical performance evaluation of the SEI Zn used in different scenarios.

Cycle performance tests of the quasi-solid SEI Zn | |MnO₂ button batteries at the working conditions of (a) 1 A g⁻¹ at 50^oC, and b 1 A g⁻¹ at -30^oC. Cycle performance tests of the quasi-solid SEI Zn | |MnO₂ pouch cells at the working conditions of (c) 1 A g⁻¹ at -20^oC under different bending angles, and d 1 A g⁻¹ at 25^oC under 1 MPa pressure. e Cycle performance test of aqueous SEI Zn | |I₂ pouch cell at the current density of 0.1 A g⁻¹. f Cycle performance test of aqueous Zn-air batteries, in which 20 wt% Pt/carbon as the positive electrode, 6 M KOH/0.2 M Zn(CH₃COO)₂ as aqueous electrolyte, and SEI Zn and Pure Zn as negative electrodes.