Fig. 5: Peroxide production in Flow cell electrolyser.

a Polarization curves of the flow cell reactors using utn-NiBDC and utn-Ni(OH)2 (100% iR-corrected). The corresponding electrode surface area is 1 cm2. The resistance values of utn-NiBDC and utn-Ni(OH)2 are 4.2 ± 0.1 Ω and 4.4 ± 0.1 Ω, respectively. b HO2- Faradaic efficiency of utn-NiBDC under different current densities, the error bars are based on three parallel experiments. c Current density and hydrogen peroxide production rate of utn-NiBDC compared to those of other state-of-the-art catalysts (Supplementary Table 4). d Stability test of the flow cell at the current density of 200 mA cm-2 (100% iR-corrected). e Corresponding HO2- concentration. Source data for Fig. 5a–e are provided as a Source Data file.