Fig. 2: Dynamic assembly of condensates around proteinosomes.
From: Liquid-liquid phase separation-boosted transmembrane delivery in interactive protocell communities
CLSM images of protocell communities consisting of Azo Coa500 and proteinosome populations (a1) and local magnification of their contact surface (a2). Red fluorescence, Azo Coas500 enriched with rhodamine B isothiocyanate labeled Su-Dextran500kDa (RBITC-Su-Dex500kDa); Green fluorescence: proteinosomes encapsulating fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I labeled neutral dextran500kDa (FITC-Dex500kDa). 2D dot plots of FSC-A vs SSC-A (b) and FITC-H vs RBITC-H (c) collected from the mixed binary populations of Azo Coas500 and proteinosomes. d FSC-A histograms, determined from Supplementary Figs. 8a–c, of Azo Coa500 population, proteinosome popuplation and the mixed binary populations, respectively. e Drop adhesion force (DAF, Fa) between condensed phase and proteinosome membrane. θ (92.2°) represents the contact angle. CD represents the contact diameter. f In-situ CLSM 3D images of Azo Coa500 formation on the proteinosomes membrane after co-incubating for 0 min, 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, 20 min, and 25 min. Red fluorescence recorded the morphology, quantity, and localization of Azo Coas500. g In-situ CLSM 2D images of the formation and location of Azo Coas500 over time. g1 Preferential location of formed Azo Coas500 on proteinosomes. g2 Electrostatic adsorption between free condensates and proteinosomes. g3 Coalescence between membrane-fixed and free condensates. Scale bars in a1, a2, f, g1, g2 and g3, 10 μm. All relevant experiments in a1, a2, g1, g2 and g3 are performed independently at least three times with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
