Fig. 6: Tfap2c mediates the functions of Ezh2 in GSCC and suggests a potential therapeutic target.

a Pie chart showing the distribution of TFAP2C binding peaks in annotated regions of the genome in TPE gastric organoids. b Integrative Genomics Viewer showing the TFAP2C binding levels at ΔNp63, Krt5, and Krt14 gene loci in TPE gastric organoids. c The heatmap showing the differential expression genes (p < 0.05 and absolute log₂ fold-change > 0.5, p-value was determined by the unpaired two-tailed Wald test) between TPE-sgScr, TPE-sgTfap2c−1, and TPE-sgTfap2c−2 gastric tumor organoids. d GSEA showing the negative enrichment of the DARWICHE_SQUAMOUS_CELL_CARCINOMA_UP gene set in TPE-sgTfap2c−1, TPE-sgTfap2c−2 compared to TPE- sgScr gastric tumor organoids. Gene set enrichment significance was assessed by the unpaired two-tailed permutation test. e Pie chart showing the proportion of genes with reduced expression levels in TPE-sgTfap2c gastric tumor organoids compared to TPE-sgScr ones, categorized by the presence or absence of TFAP2C binding. f GO analysis of overlapping genes in Fig. 6e. P-values were determined by the unpaired one-tailed hypergeometric test. g The box plots showing the gastric squamous signature scores in TPE-sgScr, TPE-sgTfap2c-1 and TPE-sgTfap2c-2 tumor organoids (n = 3 biological replicates). The boxes indicate the median value, interquartile range, with whiskers extending from the box boundaries to upper/lower quartile ± 1.5 interquartile range. P-values were determined by the two-sided Likelihood ratio test. h The Venn diagram showing the overlapping genes between the top 1000 upregulated genes in TPE tumor organoids, and the 1000 downregulated genes in TPE-sgTfap2c, relative to TP and TPE-sgScr groups, respectively. P-value was determined by a hypergeometric distribution test. i Gene ontology enrichment analysis of overlapping genes in Fig. 6h. P-values were determined by the unpaired one-tailed hypergeometric test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.