Fig. 2: TFLN platform for PRTC.
From: Thin-film lithium niobate photonic circuit for ray tracing acceleration

a Photograph of the overall structure of the PRTC chip, with each push-pull MZM modulator measuring 6 mm in length. The highlighted regions indicate the on-chip grating intended for the monitoring PD. b Scanning electron microscope image of the waveguide sidewall. c RF package of the chip, with one end of the traveling wave electrode connected to the RF input connector and the other end connected to a matching resistor. d The flip-chip photodetector used for monitoring. e Normalized optical transmission of a MZM as a function of the applied voltage, showing a half-wave voltage of 3.79 V. f Response of the light field to the driving voltage, linear response (blue line), measured result (orange line). g Electro-optic response of the MZM in PRTC chip.