Fig. 2: Growth dynamics of mycelium from G. lucidum on porous 3D-printed wood-PLA scaffolds.

a Growth of mycelium with time on wood-PLA with PMA coating containing 10 w/v% malt (scale bar is 10 mm). The inset shows the microscopic network of mycelial hyphae, where blue arrows indicate porosity, and red arrows show interwoven connections and hyphae (scale bar is 10 μm). b Increase in mycelium mass (top) and the corresponding decrease in moisture (bottom) as a function of growth time (Data are presented as Mean value ± SD for n = 5 biologically independent mycelium samples). c 5 × 5 matrix representation of the change in average hyphae diameter and mycelium density with change in unit cell size and porosity of the gyroid scaffold after 21 days of growth. Lighter color represents low mycelium density and darker represents high mycelium density. d Difference of the air flow in the 50% and 90% unit cell porosity gyroid scaffold from computational flow dynamics (CFD) simulation. Low air flow in 50% results in less oxygen supply and low CO₂ removal from the scaffold, resulting low density mycelium, high air flow and continuous supply of oxygen and removal of CO₂ resulting in high density mycelium (Pictures on the right) (scale bars are 10 mm).