Fig. 5: Metabolome and hormone profiling during consecutive tappings.

A K-means clustering showed the expression changes over time, with T1, T7, and TN representing key tapping intervals. n = 1256, 2026, 1708, 1476, gene number. B Functional category of GO enrichment among the four major clusters. P values were calculated by one-sided hypergeometric test. C Regulatory network of key transcription factors involved in the macromolecular synthesis. D-G Jasmonic acid (JA), JA isoleucine conjugate (JA-ILE), JA valine (JA-Val) and indole-3-acetic acid (OxIAA) levels in the latex of T1, T7 and TN. n = 3, biological replicates. H The application of jasmonic acid (JA) promotes rubber biosynthesis activity. Rubber trees were treated with JA at the T1, T4, T7, and TN stages, followed by tapping of both the JA-treated and mock groups to assess rubber biosynthesis activity. n = 9, biological replicates. I The application of jasmonic acid (JA) promotes dry rubber yield during the early stages of tapping. Rubber trees were treated with JA at the T1, T4, T7, and TN stages, followed by tapping of both the JA-treated and mock groups to measure dry rubber yield. For T1, T4, and T7, n = 18; for TN, n = 12, biological replicates. J In vivo bioluminescence images of dual-luciferase activity. Each tobacco leaf was divided into four quadrants, including the following constructs: empty pGreenII 62-SK vectors (EV-SK), empty pGreenII 0800-LUC vectors (EV-LUC), HbMYC2 overexpression in pGreenII 62-SK (35S::HbMYC2-SK), and HbMVK1 promoter in pGreenII 0800-LUC (Pro-HbMVK1-LUC). K Statistical analysis of dual-luciferase reporter gene activity. n = 5, biological replicates. L Yeast one-hybrid assays showed the interaction between HbMYC2 and the promoter of HbMVK1. M Mechanism of rubber biosynthesis in response to tapping. Data were presented as mean values ± SD (*, p ≤ 0.05; **, p ≤ 0.01), p values in D–I, K are calculated with two-sided Student’s t-test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.