Fig. 5: Serological and production parameters for a subset of cows present at the farm during the H5N1 influenza A virus outbreak.
From: The impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus infection on dairy cows
a Multi-species ELISA results showing the detection of influenza A nucleoprotein (NP)-specific antibodies (n = 637). b Virus neutralization results showing detection of influenza A H5N1 virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in serum from cows in the farm during the outbreak (n = 637). c Neutralizing antibody titers detected in serum from VN positive animals and expressed as reciprocal of the highest serum dilution to completely neutralize H5N1 virus (n = 637). d, e Show the adjusted means for rumination time (min/day) and milk production (kg/day) by date and clinical-serological diagnosis, including data from 595 lactating cows that were on-site during the outbreak period. Models accounted for days in milk, lactation number, and breed. Models included cow-ID as a random effect and an autoregressive correlation structure. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals. CP cows with clinical influenza diagnosis, CN cows without clinical influenza diagnosis, SP seropositive cows, SN seronegative cows. The shaded area represents the period of the influenza outbreak in the study herd.
