Fig. 6: Mechanistic studies of controllable divergent carbonylation via distinct electron donor for the synthesis of 1,4-diones and γ-lactones.
From: Amines tuned controllable carbonylation for the synthesis of γ-lactones and 1,4-diones

a Radical inhibition experiment. b Exploration of acyl intermediates. c Electron donor effect on lactonization and migration selectivity. d Systematic evaluation of the redox potentials of electron donors (D1–D4) by cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile. e DFT calculations. f Possible mechanism.