Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59110-9, published online 14 May 2025

In our article, Cohen’s d was calculated by dividing the fixed-effect estimate from linear mixed-effects models (LMMs) by the residual standard deviation. While this differs from the classical Cohen’s d based on group means and pooled standard deviations, it is a commonly accepted approximation of effect size within the LMM framework1,2,3,4. This method accounts for the hierarchical structure of the data, including random effects, providing a semi-standardized effect size. We clarify this to ensure transparency and avoid misinterpretation. The article and scientific conclusions remain unchanged.