Fig. 8: Ground acetylene flame-based experimental platform and thermal protection experiments.
From: Mitigating hypersonic heat barrier via direct cooling enhanced by leidenfrost inhibition
a Digital images of the experimental platform. The inset magnified view reveals that the acetylene flame gun nozzle is precisely aligned with the center of the blunt body’s frontal surface. b The blunt body is directly exposed to the acetylene flame during the thermal protection experiment. c Digital image of the blunt body after the thermal protection experiment. d Temperature (TB1, TB2, TB4, and TB5) curves during the first-round thermal protection experiment. The jet flow’s volumetric flow rate was set to be 8 mL/min. (i.) Observation from the back cooling side of the blunt body at 262 s of the experiment. (ii.) the STA after the 400-second thermal protection experiment. e Liquid-solid contact dynamics during the thermal protection experiment. The moment t = 0 in (e) represents the moment the high-speed camera began to work. f Temperature (TB1 and TB2) curves during the second-round thermal protection experiment with the jet flow’s volumetric flow rate of 16 mL/min. g SEM images of the micro-pillared substrate following two rounds of thermal protection experiments. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
