Fig. 3: Ultrafast and precision co-cation separation through benchmarking DP-M membrane. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Ultrafast and precision co-cation separation through benchmarking DP-M membrane.

From: Molecular manipulation of polyamide nanostructures reconciles the permeance-selectivity threshold for precise ion separation

Fig. 3

a Pure water flux (PWF) of DP-M and P-M at different operation pressures. b Water flux and ion rejections of DP-M for filtrating different cation solutions. (Feed salt concentration: 1000 ppm; test pressure: 6.0 bar). c MgSO4 and MgCl2 rejections of P-M and DP-M (feed salt concentration: 1000 ppm, test pressure: 6.0 bar). d Effect of operation pressure on the water permeance and MgCl2 rejection of DP-M (feed: 1000 ppm MgCl2). e Effect of pH on the water flux and LiCl rejection of DP-M (feed: 1000 ppm LiCl, test pressure: 6.0 bar). f Effect of operation time on the water flux and MgCl2 rejection of DP-M (feed: 1000 ppm MgCl2, test pressure: 6.0 bar). g Effect of operation pressure on the water permeance and SLi+/Mg2+ of DP-M (feed: 2000 ppm binary mixture of MgCl2 and LiCl with a MgCl2/LiCl mass ratio of 20). h Effects of the Mg2+/Li+ ratio on the water flux and SLi+/Mg2+ ratio of DP-M (feed: 2000 ppm binary mixture of MgCl2 and LiCl with various MgCl2/LiCl mass ratios; test pressure: 6.0 bar). i Performance comparison of DP-M with state-of-the-art PA NF membranes operated under cross-flow nanofiltration. The corresponding references for the data points in (i) are specified in Supplementary Table 4.

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