Fig. 1: Concept of the digital-analog hybrid photonic MVM core.
From: Digital-analog hybrid matrix multiplication processor for optical neural networks

a Digital signal is more robust to noise and crosstalk in a signal processing system. ONN can be seen as a signal processing system where digital signals can potentially be applied for better calculation repeatability, precision, scalability, and compatibility with microelectronics compared to analog signals. b The abstracted analog photonic MVM core utilizing analog signals for both input d and weight w. c The proposed digital-analog hybrid photonic MVM core utilizing digital signals for input d, with relaxed constraints for signal format converters.