Table 1 Representative immune-responsive lncRNAs regulated across multiple infections

LINC01215

LPS-induced inflammation, L.pneumophila infection

11

^17,23,81

MAILR

LPS-induced inflammation, L.pneumophila infection

10

^17,23

MIR155HG

HIV-1, Influenza A virus (IAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), Epstein-Barr virus, multiple sclerosis (MS), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), LPS-induced inflammation, Oral cancer

10

^{55,56,57,82,83,84,85,86,87,88,89}

MIR222HG

Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), prostrate cancer, breast cancer

11

^{58,90,91,92,93}

MROCKI

MROCKI is induced by multiple Toll-like receptor (TLR) stimuli and acts as a master regulator of inflammatory responses

7

^17,94,95,96

PACER

LPS-induced inflammation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, pathogen-induced immune response, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), lung adenocarcinoma, tumor-associated macrophages in colon cancer, RA, pulmonary fibrosis, gastrointestinal cancer

6

^{17,97,98,99,100}

LUCAT1

Upregulation Promotes NF-κB-driven alarmin expression while suppressing JAK-STAT-mediated IFN responses; associated with severe COVID-19.

5

^19,22

EGOT

Induced by cellular stress or PAMPs via PI3K/AKT, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways, promoting cell survival and inflammation; HPV infection

4

^24,53