Table. 2 Factors associated with clearance among 403 men with an incident oral oncogenic HPV infection

From: Persistence and clearance of oral human papillomavirus among a multi-national cohort of men

Variable

Level

Transient Infection (n = 306 men)

Persisted ≥6months (n = 97 men)

Unadjusted HR (95% CI)

aHRa (95% CI)

Country

United States (n = 132)

104 (78.8%)

28 (21.2%)

REF

 

Brazil (n = 145)

107 (73.8%)

38 (26.2%)

1.01 (0.79–1.29)

 

Mexico (n = 126)

91 (72.2%)

35 (27.8%)

0.88 (0.68–1.13)

 

Ageb tertile (years)

17–30 (n = 141)

97 (78.9%)

26 (21.1%)

REF

 

31–41 (n = 131)

100 (75.2%)

33 (24.8%)

0.95 (0.74–1.22)

 

>42 (n = 128)

105 (71.4%)

42 (28.6%)

0.89 (0.69–1.15)

 

Race*

Black (n = 61)

53 (86.9%)

8 (13.1%)

REF

 

White (n = 193)

145 (48.5%)

48 (49.0%)

0.86 (0.62–1.19)

 

Other (n = 143)c

101 (70.6%)

42 (29.4%)

0.77 (0.57–1.06)

 

Ethnicity

Hispanic (n = 184)

137 (74.5%)

47 (25.5%)

REF

 

Non-Hispanic (n = 210)

158 (75.2%)

52 (24.8%)

1.10 (0.89–1.35)

 

Marital statusb

Single/Never married (n = 154)

120 (77.9%)

34 (22.1%)

REF

 

Married/Cohabiting (n = 196)

152 (77.6%)

44 (22.4%)

0.94 (0.75–1.17)

 

Divorced/Separated/Widowed (n = 50)

31 (62.0%)

19 (38.0%)

0.86 (0.62–1.20)

 

Education (years)

≤12 (n = 154)

120 (77.9%)

34 (22.1%)

REF

 

13–15 (n = 122)

87 (71.3%)

35 (28.7%)

1.04 (0.81–1.33)

 

≥16 (n = 125)

93 (74.4%)

32 (25.6%)

0.90 (0.70–1.16)

 

Smoking statusb

Never smoked (n = 160)

126 (78.8%)

34 (21.3%)

REF

 

Ever smoked (n = 134)

100 (74.6%)

34 (25.4%)

0.90 (0.71–1.15)

 

Current smoker (n = 106)

77 (72.6%)

29 (27.4%)

0.98 (0.76–1.27)

 

Alcohol intake (# drinks per month)

0 (n = 79)

56 (70.9%)

23 (29.1%)

REF

 

1–30 (n = 170)

130 (76.5%)

40 (23.5%)

1.08 (0.82–1.44)

 

≥31 (n = 143)

106 (36.3%)

37 (37.0%)

1.15 (0.86–1.53)

 

Lifetime number of female sexual partners categories*

0–2 (n = 49)

39 (79.6%)

10 (20.4%)

REF

REF

3–11 (n = 159)

128 (80.5%)

31 (19.5%)

0.95 (0.68–1.32)

0.95 (0.68–1.32)

≥12 (n = 163)

110 (67.5%)

53 (32.5%)

0.74 (0.53–1.04)

0.74 (0.53–1.04)

Lifetime number of male sexual partners categories*

0 (n = 318)

247 (77.7%)

71 (22.3%)

REF

 

1–2 (n = 32)

25 (78.1%)

7 (21.9%)

1.15 (0.78–1.69)

 

≥3 (n = 44)

25 (56.8%)

19 (43.2%)

0.98 (0.70–1.36)

 

New female sex partners in the past 6 monthsb

0 (n = 228)

177 (77.6%)

51 (22.4%)

REF

 

1 (n = 87)

69 (79.3%)

18 (20.7%)

1.01 (0.78–1.30)

 

≥2 (n = 73)

49 (67.1%)

24 (32.9%)

0.92 (0.70–1.22)

 

New male sex partners in the past 6 monthsb

0 (n = 368)

281 (76.4%)

87 (23.6%)

REF

 

1 (n = 14)

11 (78.6%)

3 (21.4%)

105 (0.59–1.87)

 

≥2 (n = 17)

10 (58.8%)

7 (41.2%)

1.12 (0.68–1.85)

 

Frequency of oral sex given in the past 6 monthsb

None (n = 101)

85 (84.2%)

16 (15.8%)

REF

 

1–6 times (n = 105)

77 (73.3%)

28 (26.7%)

0.94 (0.71–1.25)

 

≥7 times (n = 176)

129 (73.3%)

47 (26.7%)

0.95 (0.73–1.23)

 

Ever had gingivitis

No (n = 352)

263 (74.7%)

89 (25.3%)

REF

 

Yes (n = 38)

27 (71.1%)

11 (28.9%)

0.99 (0.69–1.41)

 

Number of teeth extracted due to oral disease

0 (n = 251)

186 (74.1%)

65 (25.9%)

REF

 

≥1 (n = 138)

103 (74.6%)

35 (25.4%)

1.00 (0.81–1.25)

 
  1. *P < 0.05 when conducting a two-sided Pearson’s Chi-squared test or Wilcoxon rank sum test to test for differences in distribution between transient and 6month persistent infections.
  2. aHazard ratio is reported for the variables that remained after backwards elimination at alpha = 0.20 using Cox proportional hazards model for likelihood of clearing an oral oncogenic hrHPV infection.
  3. bDetermined at the time of first incident oncogenic infection.
  4. cOther race includes American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Asian/Pacific Islander, and mixed race.
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