Table 3 Factors associated with clearance among men with a prevalent oral oncogenic HPV infection
From: Persistence and clearance of oral human papillomavirus among a multi-national cohort of men
Variable | Level | Transient (n = 83) | Persisted ≥ 6 months (n = 103) | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) | aHRa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | United States (n = 47) | 21 (44.7%) | 26 (55.3%) | REF | REF |
Brazil (n = 66) | 28 (42.4%) | 38 (57.6%) | 0.84 (0.56–1.29) | 1.01 (0.55–1.86) | |
Mexico (n = 73) | 30 (41.1%) | 43 (58.9%) | 0.85 (0.56–1.28) | 1.57 (0.83–2.97) | |
Age Tertile (years)* | 17–27 (n = 42) | 24 (57.1%) | 18 (42.9%) | REF | REF |
28–38 (n = 75) | 34 (45.3%) | 41 (54.7%) | 0.75 (0.49–1.14) | 0.75 (0.44–1.26) | |
>39 (n = 69) | 21 (30.4%) | 48 (69.6%) | 0.68 (0.45–1.04) | 0.57 (0.34–0.96) | |
Race | Black (n = 22) | 10 (45.5%) | 12 (54.5%) | REF | |
White (n = 91) | 39 (42.9%) | 52 (57.1%) | 1.44 (0.84–2.48) | ||
Otherb (n = 69) | 29 (42.0%) | 40 (58.0%) | 1.18 (0.68–2.07) | ||
Ethnicity | Hispanic (n = 94) | 39 (41.5%) | 55 (58.5%) | REF | |
Non-Hispanic (n = 81) | 36 (44.4%) | 45 (55.6%) | 0.90 (0.64–1.25) | ||
Marital status | Single/Never married (n = 70) | 32 (45.7%) | 38 (54.3%) | REF | |
Married/Cohabiting (n = 91) | 41 (45.1%) | 50 (54.9%) | 0.81 (0.57–1.15) | ||
Divorced/Separated/Widowed (n = 24) | 6 (25.0%) | 18 (75.0%) | 0.73 (0.43–1.23) | ||
Education (years) | ≤12 (n = 89) | 33 (37.1%) | 56 (62.9%) | REF | REF |
13–15 (n = 34) | 18 (52.9%) | 16 (47.1%) | 1.32 (0.85–2.05) | 1.77 (0.92–3.42) | |
≥16 (n = 62) | 28 (45.2%) | 34 (54.8%) | 1.03 (0.71–1.48) | 1.02 (0.65–1.60) | |
Smoking status | Never smoked (n = 71) | 33 (46.5%) | 38 (53.5%) | REF | |
Ever smoked (n = 53) | 18 (34.0%) | 35 (66.0%) | 0.90 (0.60–1.34) | ||
Current smoker (n = 56) | 27 (48.2%) | 29 (51.8%) | 1.15 (0.78–1.70) | ||
Alcohol intake (# drinks per month) | 0 (n = 39) | 16 (41.0%) | 23 (59.0%) | REF | |
1–30 (n = 75) | 32 (42.7%) | 43 (57.3%) | 1.04 (0.67–1.61) | ||
≥31 (n = 64) | 29 (37.7%) | 35 (34.7%) | 1.16 (0.75–1.80) | ||
Lifetime number of female sexual partners categories | 0–2 (n = 22) | 10 (45.5%) | 12 (54.5%) | REF | REF |
3–11 (n = 53) | 23 (43.4%) | 30 (56.6%) | 1.37 (0.75–2.469) | 2.05 (1.06–3.97) | |
≥12 (n = 89) | 39 (43.8%) | 50 (56.2%) | 1.29 (0.73–2.29) | 2.14 (1.07–4.30) | |
New female sex partners in past 6 months | 0 (n = 50) | 21 (42.0%) | 29 (58.0%) | REF | |
1 (n = 71) | 28 (39.4%) | 43 (60.6%) | 1.10 (0.72–1.66) | ||
≥2 (n = 58) | 26 (44.8%) | 32 (55.2%) | 1.15 (0.75–1.76) | ||
Lifetime number of male sexual partners categories | 0 (n = 147) | 63 (42.9%) | 84 (57.1%) | REF | REF |
1–2 (n = 15) | 6 (40.0%) | 9 (60.0%) | 0.70 (0.38–1.31) | 0.72 (0.32–1.64) | |
≥3 (n = 18) | 9 (50.0%) | 9 (50.0%) | 1.44 (0.85–2.44) | 2.15 (0.99–4.64) | |
New male sex partners in past 6 months | 0 (n = 165) | 71 (43.0%) | 94 (57.0%) | REF | |
1 (n = 6) | 4 (66.7%) | 2 (33.3%) | 1.21 (0.49–2.96) | ||
≥2 (n = 11) | 4 (36.4%) | 7 (63.6%) | 1.38 (0.72–2.64) | ||
Frequency of oral sex given in past 6 months | None (n = 50) | 25 (50.0%) | 25 (50.0%) | REF | REF |
1–6 times (n = 56) | 24 (42.9%) | 32 (57.1%) | 0.82 (0.53–1.24) | 0.72 (0.45–1.16) | |
≥7 times (n = 42) | 16 (38.1%) | 26 (61.9%) | 0.79 (0.50–1.24) | 0.54 (0.31–0.94) | |
Ever had gingivitis | No (n = 162) | 72 (44.4%) | 90 (55.6%) | REF | |
Yes (n = 14) | 5 (35.7%) | 9 (64.3%) | 1.62 (0.93–2.83) | ||
Number of teeth extracted due to oral disease | 0 (n = 119) | 58 (48.7%) | 61 (51.3%) | REF | |
≥1 (n = 56) | 19 (33.9%) | 37 (66.1%) | 0.78 (0.55–1.12) |
