Fig. 4: The performance of the EVGpro method for EV and N-glycopeptide enrichment from trace amounts of diverse biofluids.

A NTA of EV particles from plasma, urine, saliva, PE, CSF, ascites, and tears enriched by EVGpro (blue) and UC (pink), respectively (means ± SD, n = 3 biological replicates). B, C The number of EV proteins (B) and EV N-glycoproteins (C) identified by UC (pink and green) and EVGpro (blue and lavender) from the same amounts of biofluids (10 μL of plasma, 200 μL of urine, 50 μL of saliva, 50 μL of PE, 200 μL of CSF, 50 μL of ascites, and 5 μL of tear). 5% of the EV protein digests were used for EV proteomic analysis and the remaining was utilized for N-glycopeptides enrichment. (means ± SD, n = 2 independent experiments). D–F The overlap among identified EV proteins from plasma (D), CSF (E), and tear (F) by EVGpro (pink) and those in the literature (blue and green)^44,45,94,95. PE, pleural effusion. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.