Fig. 2: Separable behavioral and neural effects of valence and reward PEs predict learning to punish.
From: Separable neural signals for reward and emotion prediction errors
A Valence and reward PEs predict choice differently across rounds. The data on each graph reflect the probability of rejecting the offer from Table 1 and the colour of each line indicates the round number (1 – 5) of the Ultimatum Game. Negative values reflect negative PEs, indicating less pleasantness (valence), arousal, and money (reward) than expected. B Relationship between ERP and choice over round. The data on each graph reflect the probability of rejecting the offer from Table 2 and the colour of each line indicates the round number (1 – 5) of the Ultimatum Game. Positive values reflect positive EEG amplitudes, indicating a greater P3b, P3a or FRN (N2) effect. Data are presented as mean values and shaded areas reflect \(\pm\)1 S.E. All statistical tests are two-sided with no adjustments for multiple comparisons. ***P < .001, **P < .01, *P < .05.
