Fig. 3: Factors influencing HONO production from nitrate photolysis in the presence of iodide and the derived parameterization scheme for model simulations.
From: Aerosol iodide accelerates reactive nitrogen cycling in the marine atmosphere
a surface area dependence: Experiments with 25 mL in a single dish and 12.5 mL in two dishes. b iodide concentration dependence: Nitrate and chloride concentrations are both 1 M, bromide is 1.5 × 10–3 M, and pH = 2. c pH dependence: Nitrate and chloride are both 1 M, bromide is 1.5 × 10–3 M, iodide is 1.8 × 10–4  M. d nitrate concentration dependence: Chloride, bromide, and iodide are 1 M, 1.5 × 10–3 M, and 1.8 ×  10–4 M, respectively, and pH = 2. Note: The gray data points in c and d represent experiments using pure nitrate solutions without added halides. e parameterization scheme. [I–] and [NO3–] represent the concentrations of iodide and nitrate (mol L–1), respectively; Sa represents the aerosol surface area (μm2 cm–3); JHNO3 represents the photolysis rate of gaseous nitric acid (s–1); pH represents the aerosol acidity. The coefficient k is an exponential pre-factor derived through least squares linear fitting, with no specific physical meaning. The surface area density of the chamber was calculated as the physical surface area of the solution in the petri dish divided by the chamber volume. Error bars represent the standard deviation of all conducted experiments.
