Fig. 3: Device performances and stability measurements. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Device performances and stability measurements.

From: Temperature adaptive self-regenerating ionic thermoelectric cycles for time domain thermal energy harvesting

Fig. 3: Device performances and stability measurements.

a Schematic structure of the PAM-PVP double network hydrogel matrix; b Schematic structure of the PAM-PVP-I3–/I– hydrogel; c Raman spectra of PAM-x I3– hydrogels (x represents concentrations of 0.01 M, 0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.15 M, and 0.2 M) and UV-VIS spectra of PAM-PVP-I3–/I– hydrogel with different PVP ratios of 1% to 10%; d Comparison of temperature coefficients α of I3–/I– and Fe(CN)63–/Fe(CN)64– solutions (left column) and PAM-PVP-I3–/I– and PAM-PVP-Fe(CN)63–/Fe(CN)64– hydrogels (right column); e Stress–strain curves for PAM, PAM-5% PVP, PAM-5% PVP- Fe(CN)63–/Fe(CN)64–, and PAM-5% PVP- I3–/I– hydrogels, respectively; f Discharging voltage-time curve in one cycle of the t-ITC system with TCR of 35 °C under TH = 60 °C and TL = 10 °C conditions; g Two-hour output energy densities (E2h) during discharging at TH and TL; h Comparison of energy retention percentages for the t-ITC system with and without PVP addition during 300 cycles; i Relative Carnot efficiency (ηr) plotted against heat recuperation efficiency (ηHR) for the t-ITC system with varying active layer thicknesses.

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