Fig. 4: Adipocyte-specific deletion of Fmo3 alleviates ageing-induced dysmetabolism in mice.

6 to 8-week-old (so-called “Young”), 48 to 50-week-old (so-called “Middle-aged) and 85 to 105-week-old (so-called “Old”) male WT and KO mice on standard chow diet were used. a Serum levels of TMAO. n = 5. Circulating glucose (b) and serum insulin levels (d) during IPGTT in the 8-week-old and 99-week-old mice; AUC of glucose level during GTT in (c). b, c n = 6 for young and n = 7 for old animals. d n = 6 for WT and n = 4 for KO animals. e, f Circulating glucose level (e) during ITT in the 7-week-old and 87-week-old mice. The bar chart on (f) represents the AUC of glucose during ITT. n = 7 for young and n = 5 for old animals. Circulating glucose (g), insulin (h) and calculated HOMA-IR (i) after fasting for 6 h. n = 7 for young animals. n = 5 for WT and n = 7 KO for old animals. Energy expenditure (j), locomotor activity and its AUC (k, l) oxygen consumption rate (m) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (n) measured in the 95-week-old mice using metabolic cage. WT: n = 6. KO: n = 4 in (j and m), and n = 6 in (k and n). o Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in 105-week-old mice after fasting for 6 h. n = 5 for WT. n = 8 for KO. p Survival rates were compared using log rank test for the trend up to 105 weeks. n = 9. Data are represented as mean ± SEM. Statistical data were analysed by two-tailed Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA. Significant P-values: # WT-young v/s WT-old; $ KO-young v/s WT-old; * WT-old v/s KO-old.