Fig. 5: Bioelectrical stimulation-induced pyroptosis in tumor cells.
From: Micro-nano microbial fuel cell-driven bioelectrochemical tumor therapy
a TEM images of CT26 cells after the addition of Dsv. Scale bar = 10 μm. The yellow arrows indicate the bacteria internalized by tumor cells. The red arrows represent bacteria on the surface of tumor cells. Each experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. b Intracellular ATP levels in CT26 cells under different treatments. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 independent experiments). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. c Confocal images showing intracellular Ca2+ concentration in CT26 cells under different treatments. Scale bar = 150 μm. d Representative images of morphological changes in cells under different treatments. Scale bar = 25 μm. For (c, d), each experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. e Quantitative analysis of Cal-520 probe fluorescence intensity. f Extracellular ATP levels under different treatments. g LDH release under different treatments. For e–g, the data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 independent experiments). A one-way analysis of variance was applied to assess differences among multiple groups. Multiple comparisons were made using Dunnett-based statistical hypothesis tests. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. h Western blot analysis of GSDME and GSDME-NT levels in CT26 cells under different treatments. Each experiment was repeated two times independently with similar results. i Schematic diagram of the mechanism of bioelectrical stimulation-induced pyroptosis in tumor cells. i was Created in BioRender. Li, R. (2025) https://BioRender.com/jg1h7ll.
