Fig. 7: In vitro anaerobic targeting and overcoming gastrointestinal barriers.
From: Micro-nano microbial fuel cell-driven bioelectrochemical tumor therapy
a Growth of different materials on Columbia blood agar (104-fold dilution) after in vitro simulated gastrointestinal fluid incubation. Each experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. b The LA consumption and c H2S production of different materials after incubation with simulated gastrointestinal fluid in vitro. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 independent experiments). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. d The schematic diagram of the bacterial anaerobic migration experiment. e The proportion of bacteria that migrated to the lower chamber after 2 h in the anaerobic migration experiment. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 independent experiments). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. f Schematic diagram of the tumor cell targeting and cell uptake experiments. g The proportion of bacteria that migrated to the lower chamber after 2 h in the cell uptake experiment. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3 independent experiments). Source data are provided as a Source Data file. h CLSM image of CT26 cells in the bottom chamber after bacteria was incubated in the top chamber for 4 h. Scale bar = 20 μm. i Using a microfluidic chip, the migration ability of different bacterial groups to penetrate intestinal mucus and target the tumor microenvironment was tested. Scale bar = 1 mm. For (h, i), each experiment was repeated three times independently with similar results. d, f were created in BioRender. Li, R. (2025) https://BioRender.com/y4j6vh6.
