Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of H2 distribution and malfunction images of PEM water electrolysis stack. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of H2 distribution and malfunction images of PEM water electrolysis stack.

From: Catastrophic localized deflagration formation mechanisms and safety precautions in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer

Fig. 1: Schematic illustration of H2 distribution and malfunction images of PEM water electrolysis stack.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

a H2 concentration depletion in anodic CL of PEM fuel cells. b H2 supersaturation at the PEM - CL interface with severe H2 crossover to O2 flow in PEM water electrolyzer. c 100 kW PEM water electrolysis stack after malfunction, with the red circle indicating the damaged region. d Perforated bipolar plate (overall size: 658 × 328 mm) showing burned region with ~ 100 mm in diameter. e Perforated MEA with a hole of ~ 100 mm in diameter. PTL porous transport layer; CL catalytic layers; PEM proton exchange membrane.

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