Fig. 1: Design concept for enhanced H2O2 photosynthesis.

a Constructing Z-scheme heterojunction boosts charge transfer. b Introducing S vacancy favors Pauling-type O2 adsorption to improve 2e- ORR selectivity for efficient H2O2 production. c Molecular orbital energy levels of O2, •O2-, and •O22- to show the filling status of π*2p orbitals.