Fig. 2: Improve the stress distribution to inhibit the migration of iodine. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Improve the stress distribution to inhibit the migration of iodine.

From: Decoupling photothermal-mechanical degradation through lattice-stabilizing networks in Sn–Pb perovskites and all-perovskite tandem solar cells

Fig. 2: Improve the stress distribution to inhibit the migration of iodine.

a, b Pseudo-color maps of temperature-dependent photoluminescence (TD-PL) spectra for the control and with TPTA films across a temperature range of 100–190 K. c Temperature dependence of the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of PL peaks for the respective films. d Stress statistics of control and TPTA modified perovskite films before and after 20 h of illumination, derived from Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis. e, f Integrated Differential Phase Contrast (IDPC) images, Geometric Phase Analysis (GPA) strain maps(exy), and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) patterns of the perovskite lattice for (e) control and (f) TPTA modified films after 20 h of light exposure. g Arrhenius plots of conductivity for control, TAPB modified, TAPOB modified, and TPTA modified perovskite films. h, i Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) depth profiles of halide migration under light 40 hours for (h) pristine perovskite film and (i) perovskite film with TPTA. j Defect formation energies (Ef) of control, TAPB, TAPOB and TPTA with I, Pb and Sn vacancy defects (VI, VPb, VSn), I interstitial defects (Ii) and Pb interstitial defects (Pbi)on the perovskite surface.

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