Fig. 5: Techno-economic analysis for formic acid electro-synthesis.
From: Membrane-free CO2 electrolyzer design for economically efficient formic acid electro-synthesis
a The HCOOH production cost in four various flow cells across major global economies (e.g., US, EU, China) based on the performance at a current density of 0.2 A cm-2 with a CO2 flow rate of 28.5 mL min–1. b Single-variable sensitivity analysis for the production cost of HCOOH in the NOM-CO2R/GOR1.3 system (the base HCOOH production cost is set at US$ 0.573 kg–1). c HCOOH production cost comparison between the NOM-CO2R/GOR1.3 system (varying CO2 SPCE) and the CEM-CO2R/OER system (based on the performance in the work of Yang et al.45). d Waterfall chart showcasing the cumulative impact of key factors and processes optimization on the HCOOH production cost. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
