Fig. 5: 2DFHTs-based transfer learning simulation for high-efficiency neural network.

a Pre-learning images from the ImageNet database for transfer learning. b The schematic of a transfer learning neural network consists of a convolutional neural network and a fully connected network. c Comparison of accuracy between networks with frozen and unfrozen feature information during the training epoch. d, e Heat map of the confusion matrix obtained by testing the network on the test set of Cifar−10 with and without feature memory. f Comparison of time consumption between networks with and without feature memory. g The accuracy and recognition time for reaching an 80% accuracy of the two networks. h Comparison of loss between the two networks.