Fig. 2: Transmission dynamics of the two largest carbapenemase-encoding plasmid clusters over the five-year study period.

Each point represents the incidence of a A blaKPC-2-positive PC1 plasmid or B blaNDM-1-positive PC2 plasmid. The points are ordered along the x-axis based on the date of detection, with displacement along the y-axis for clarity. Plasmids that occurred in isolates that met pairwise clonal linkage criteria are visually connected by pink horizontal lines. Species and hospitals associated with the plasmids are listed. PC1 plasmids were detected across 10 species and five different hospitals, while PC2 plasmids were detected across 10 species and all six study sites. For clonal lineage, the following information is annotated in this format: “abbreviated species; ST number of isolates, number of hospitals where the clone was detected” (more details can be found in Supplementary Tables 8 and 9).