Fig. 1: Identification of GNP2 and GNP5 by GWAS.
From: Natural variation of GNP2 enhances grain number to benefit rice yield
a Manhattan plot of GWAS for GNP in Yuxi and Nanning. Chr, Chromosome. b, c Regional Manhattan plots for qGNP1 (b) and qGNP4a (c), along with pairwise linkage disequilibrium analysis. Significant SNPs are presented as orange dots. d Panicle morphology of Nip, gnp2-knock out plants (ko1, ko2). e–h Statistical results for panicle length (e), grain number on primary branches (pbs., f), grain number on secondary branches (sbs., g), and GNP (h) of Nip and gnp2-ko plants. i Panicle morphology of Nip, GNP2-overexpressing plants (OE1, OE2). j–m Statistical results for panicle length (j), grain number on primary branches (k), grain number on secondary branches (l), and GNP (m) of Nip and GNP2-OE plants. n Panicle morphology of Nip, gnp5-knock out plants (ko1, ko2). o–r Statistical results for panicle length (o), grain number on primary branches (p), grain number on secondary branches (q), and GNP (r) of Nip and gnp5-ko plants. s Panicle morphology of Nip, GNP5-overexpressing plants (OE1, OE2). t–w Statistical results for panicle length (t), grain number on primary branches (u), grain number on secondary branches (v), and GNP (w) of Nip and GNP5-OE plants. In a–c, P values were determined under the compressed mixed linear model using a two-sided Fisher’s exact test. In e–h, j–m, o–r, t–w, different lowercase letters indicate statistically significant differences at P  =  0.05 by one-way ANOVA with Duncan’s multiple-range test, and error bars represent means ± SD. Scale bars, 2 cm (d, i, n, s). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
