Fig. 7: Operando electrochemical pressiometry (OEP) and electrochemical performance of sulfide-based NCM811 ASSBs full cells.

a Schematic representation of the OEP setup for a sulfide-based ASSB full cell with NCM811 as the positive electrode. b Pressure changes (ΔP) in the NCM811 ASSB full cell using Li-metal, µSi, Co-BDC-MOF and Co-TPDC-MOF negative electrodes as a function of cycle number, measured during cycling at 0.3 mA cm⁻² at 30 °C. The dataset labels are indicated directly in the panel. c Corresponding capacity-normalized pressure change (ΔP)_Q as a function of cycle number. d Voltage profile of the NCM811 positive electrode and Co-TPDC-MOF negative electrode as a function of areal capacity. e Rate capability of the full cell with the Co-TPDC-MOF negative electrode at 30 °C. f Long-term cycling performance of the Co-TPDC-MOF|LPSClBr|NCM811 ASSB full cell at a current density of 1.5 mA cm⁻² at 30 °C. g Cross-sectional SEM images showing volume changes in the Co-TPDC-MOF negative electrode within the ASSB full cell after 700 cycles. h Long-term cycling performance of a high-loading NCM811 ASSB full cell with the Co-TPDC-MOF negative electrode at a current density of 2.0 mA cm⁻² at 30 °C. i Cycling performance of the Co-TPDC-MOF-based ASSB pouch-type full cell operated under a low stack pressure (5 MPa) at a current density of 0.5 mA cm⁻² at 30 °C.