Fig. 3: Properties of LiFAS and LiTFSI on electrolyte and Al electrode surfaces.

a, b SEM images of Al electrode surface after leakage current test for LiFAS and LiTFSI, respectively. Scale bar is 2 μm. c, d XPS spectra of Al electrode surface after leakage current test for LiFAS and LiTFSI, respectively. e ICP-OES analysis of Li||Al cell cycled in different electrolytes. The electrochemical test conditions for (a–e) are Li||Al cells after leakage current test (4.5 V, 10 h). f 27Al NMR spectra of the Al(TFSI)3 solution with equimolar LiFAS. g Binding energy of Al3+ and different anions. Colors for different elements: Al-pink, C-gray, F-cyan, N-blue, O-red, S-yellow.