Fig. 1: Heteroaromatic π-stacking engineered near-infrared (NIR) absorption for a dual-band electrochromic (EC) window with near-zero transmittance.

a Design principle of H-TriPy molecules for heteroaromatic π-stacking engineered for NIR absorption. b UV-Vis-NIR transmittance spectra of all-in-one EC devices based on typical butyl viologen (BV) (left) and H-TriPy (right) molecules under different modulation modes. Grey, blue, and red lines correspond to bright, cool, and dark states, while shaded grey, blue, and red areas denote the UV, visible, and NIR range of the solar irradiance spectra.