Fig. 3: Characterization of PHT-X Janus composite fiber membranes.
From: Biomimetic Janus membrane with spongy channels for directional liquid transport
a Schematic diagram of PHT-X Janus fiber membrane. b The water ascent channels path and gradient aperture of the PHT Janus fiber membrane generating higher capillary forces, spontaneously absorbing water upward. c The contact angle wetting time change of each PHT-X fiber membrane. d Anisotropic water breakthrough pressures on both sides of the PHT-X Janus fiber membranes and the control PAN/TPU2 fiber membranes. Error bars in (d) represent standard deviations, n = 3 independent samples. e When the water droplets are on the hydrophobic side (TPU) of the PHT-2 samples (hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic mode), the relative water content of the top and bottom surfaces of the sample. f Images of water distribution at the top and bottom of the PHT-X Janus fiber membranes and the control PAN/TPU2 membrane when water droplets were on the hydrophobic side (TPU) of the sample (hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic mode).
