Fig. 1: Rationale and results for failure of marginal emissions factor (MEF) managed charging at high electric vehicle (EV) adoption.
From: Cascading marginal emissions signals for green charging with growing electric vehicle adoption
a Renewable energy capacity and generator merit order for the Western Interconnection (WECC) during the first week of January 2020. The top plot shows the generator operating cost while the bottom plot shows the associated emissions, which are noisy and not correlated with cost. b Hourly MEFs and average emissions factors (AEFs) for the first week in January 2020. MEFs are noisier and larger in magnitude than AEFs. c Normalized added CO2 emissions for charging in WECC for the month of January 2020, averaged over 15 runs with error bars for +/− two standard deviations. The results show that the MEF method is not scalable to large numbers of added EVs.
