Fig. 5: The coordination environment of Ni and W atoms analyzed by XANES.

a Normalized Ni K-edge XANES and b FT-EXAFS spectra of Ni0.66-W18O49, Ni1.4-W18O49, NiO, and Ni foil references. c, d The Ni K-edge EXAFS fitting curves for Ni0.66-W18O49 (c) and Ni1.4-W18O49 (d). e–h WT-EXAFS of Ni K-edge for Ni0.66-W18O49, Ni1.4-W18O49, NiO, and Ni foil references. i Normalized W L3-edge XANES and j FT-EXAFS spectra of W18O49, Ni0.66-W18O49, WO3, and Ni foil references. k The W L3-edge EXAFS fitting curves for Ni0.66-W18O49.