Fig. 4: Environment adaptability of organohydrogel nanofilms.
From: Sub-400 nanometer-thick skin and environment adaptable organohydrogel nanofilm epidermal electrode
A Stepwise network evolution: physically cross-linked H hydrogel (gelatin, water, and glycerol); covalently cross‑linked GH hydrogel (genipin added); solvent exchanged GHGNT organohydrogel (water largely replaced by glycerol/NaCl/TA). Schematic created in BioRender. Zheng, M. (2025) https://BioRender.com/n1dfzla. B DSC curves of H, GH, and GHGNT hydrogels. C TGA curves of H, GH, and GHGNT hydrogels. D Weight retention after 30 days under four harsh conditions (−80 °C, 150 °C, 2% RH, and high vacuum) compared with PU0.1‑GH stored 1 day at 25 °C. E Comparison of the wide temperature tolerance of the organohydrogel nanofilms with other adaptable organohydrogels. Working‑temperature window of organohydrogel nanofilm versus representative wide‑temperature organohydrogels reported. F Antibacterial properties of organohydrogel nanofilm against E. coli and S. aureus. G Radar chart benchmarking ultrathin epidermal hydrogels in thickness, skin adhesion properties, weight retention, mechanical durability, antibacterial properties, and air permeance. Data represent means ± SD (n = 3 samples) for D and F. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
