Fig. 4: Genetic engineering of S. oneidensis for the design and optimization of the de novo biosynthesis and transport of flavins, and its impact on the monomer conversion ratio of the RAFT polymerization.

a Plasmid map of the plasmid expressing the flavin biosynthesis gene cluster (ribADEHC) under the control of different inducible promoters (Ptet, Ptac, Pbad, ParcA), and the porin gene OprF under the control of different ribosomal binding sites (RBS). RBS1: BBa_B0034, iGEM; RBS2: BBa_B0030, iGEM; RBS3: BBa_B0032, iGEM; RBS4: BBa_B0031, iGEM. b Quantification of flavins produced by the genetically engineered S. oneidensis harboring different promotors and RBS, respectively. c Comparison of monomer conversion ratio in the RAFT polymerization by the engineered S. oneidensis strains with different promoters at optimal inducer concentrations and optimal RBS, respectively. d The effect of gene knockouts of c-Cyts on the monomer conversion ratio of the S. oneidensis-triggered RAFT polymerization. Data showed mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Data in (b–d) were shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3). Source data were provided as a Source Data file.