Fig. 4: Performance assessment of LIC for analytical applications.
a Schematic drawing and image of detection part at the end of LIC operation for different concentrations of LAM (1.0 × 10−2 – 1.0 × 103 pg/mL) in pooled urine (n = 20). The generated color of control chamber designed for representing threshold value of the blank (0.16 OD). b Corresponding calibration plot of oxTMB absorbance extracted from LIC. Dashed line represents a blank value. c Comparison for repeatability and (d) reproducibility of manual detection and utilization of LIC by using 1.0 × 10−2 pg/mL of LAM. Boxplots show absorbance values (650 nm) measured by manual assays and LIC. Medians are indicated by center lines; boxes denote interquartile ranges (IQR, 25th–75th percentile), and whiskers extend to the most extreme values within 1.5 × IQR. Each data point represents one independent replicate measurement. The left panel illustrates variability across five test batches, while the right panel shows measurements from five consecutive assay days. e Inter-, intra- analysis of the assay for LAM detection by using LIC. All the data points and error bars correspond to average values and standard deviation obtained from four independent measurements.
